The formalization of the artisanal sawmill sector at the level of access to the city can have three consequences on the whole of the sector (upstream, middle and downstream). Montpellier PSG 0-3 vidéo but et résumé. De nouvelles localites sont donnees pour Lophozia decolorans, avec une description de son ecologie. On average, 59% of respondents recognized the importance of cultural services. Abstract – How do the villagers call and appropriate their resource spaces? We have used diverse interviews and field surveys to assess three provisioning services (bushmeat, firewood, and timber) and five cultural services (cultural heritage, inspiration, spiritual experience, recreation, and education). Log in. Those two areas are different in terms of land pressure (very high in Bas-Congo and focused on riparian forests on Bateke Plateaux), but show the same pattern of overuse of the forest and woody natural resources. Finally, the area covered by isolated trees had increased very slightly (from 1.3 to 1.9 ha) while the area occupied by human settlements remained constant (1.7 ha). The images were then ortho-rectified, and the resulting ortho-images segmented. In addition, artisanal timber exploitation is referred to as social forestry as this activity is widely accepted and actively involves local communities in accessing forest management. déjà été élaborés par diverses organisations, aucun ne cible particulièrement les grandes concessions forestières. Les vertus qui lui sont prêtées sont pourtant très discutables. Otherwise, individual operators will develop new ways of continuing their informal activity and corrupt officials will continue to make undue financial penalties. A high replacement of species among forest allocations (i.e., spatial turnover) shows that conservation initiatives should integrate many sites, and not only large isolated areas. At these levels, the access points to the city are the right places to fight the most effectively against informal products. Rendre opérationnelles les entités de Le présent guide ambitionne de fournir aux acteurs de la gestion forestière au Cameroun les connaissances les plus pertinentes afn de leur permettre d’identifier, de gérer et de suivre les Hautes Valeurs de Conservation dans les UFA. Un Sistema de Administración de la Flota de transporte es un factor clave para elevar el nivel competitivo de la Empresa, porque puede controlar las rutas de entrega, conocer,Slogan ou oxymore pour les uns, prix convoité ou formule vertueuse pour les autres, l’expression de démocratie actionnariale est présente dans les discours relatifs aux entreprises depuis les années 2000. l’étude ici présente s’intéresse à cette expression dans le cadre des discours juridiques portant sur les sociétés par actions. The main determinants of ES use were forest allocations, population size, and deforestation rate, and we also showed slight differences between Baka and Bantu people in the use of cultural services. plus, bien que ciblant les UFA camerounaises, il pourrait inspirer d’autres acteurs forestiers œuvrant dans le Bassin du Congo.Due to human-driven environmental changes, planet Earth has entered the new Anthropocene era, with major impact on biological diversity recognized as the sixth mass extinction period. Here, we aimed to quantify the use of ES provided by tropical forests to local populations in the Dja area (Cameroon), identify its determinants and evaluate its sustainability. Moreover, the theory of social forestry seems appropriate to understand the expansion of small-scale sawmill and especially to explain how the formalization of this sector could further benefit the long-term well-being of the rural population in Orientale Province. This study describes the land tenure, typology of space and land uses in a densely populated village (65 inhabitants/km 2) located 100 km north of Yaoundé and populated by citizens of the ethnic subgroup Gunu. Playing next. To attract small-scale operators to legality, the toolkit should consist of a combination of technical and regulatory measures. These scenarios will constitute decision support tools for economic and political managers at different levels: family, village, region, country, sub-region.et l'efficacité reste supérieure à 89%. Finally, the main findings of the thesis are summarized and their practical implications are discussed, in particular for the role of forest allocations (Chapter 5). Kinsha sa. In particular, ES are increasingly used in concrete management applications, such as FSC-certification, payments for environmental services, UNESCO Man and Biosphere Reserves, and various development projects.In order to improve sustainability and design adequate management strategies in threatened tropical forests, integrated assessments of the use of ecosystem services are needed, combining biophysical, social, and economic approaches. This analysis establishes a strong link between the Mather's forest transition curve and a decline in the importance of NTFPs in village production and livelihoods.L’essor recent des vehicules aeriens sans pilote (UAV) dans le domaine environnemental offre de nouvelles opportunites aux gestionnaires des aires protegees pour lutter contre diverses pressions anthropiques. Despite high tree cover in forests across the region, management differs in such a way that conservation value and ES might also differ among forest allocations. structurant, il participe à la pratique de ce type de société. The perceptions of ES abundance were relatively homogeneous among forest allocations and respondents. En complément, des itinéraires techniques (plantations agroforestières à Acacia auriculiformis et d’essences locales, régénération naturelle assistée) ont été proposés et testés avec les agriculteurs producteurs de bois-énergie de ces communautés. La mise en oeuvre de cette gestion ne peut se faire sans la participation des principaux acteurs, les communautés villageoises elles-mêmes. Thus, the formalization of artisanal timber exploitation activities is only possible by combining regulatory and incentive approaches. The CoForTips project is coordinated by CIRAD. Une camera Sony Block ainsi qu’une camera thermique Tamarisk ont ete utilisees pour l’acquisition des videos alors que les images ont ete acquises avec un appareil photo numerique Sony Nex7. At the entrance to the city, formalization will entail the raising of tax revenues for the benefit of the State. Cette étude décrit les relations entre l'homme et les espaces-ressources, la typologie de l'espace et l'occupation du sol dans un village densément peuplé (65 habitants/km 2) situé à 100 km au nord de Yaoundé et composé de ressortissants du sous-groupe ethnique Gunu. We evaluated the significance and abundance of ES by conducting a questionnaire survey with 225 forest stakeholders. le mythe de la démocratie actionnariale apparaît à la fois fondateur et structurant. Such assessments are an issue of considerable importance in the REDD+ process, which is aiming to quantify these changes accurately.The objective of the study is to evaluate the impact of forest transition on non-timber forest product (NTFP) harvesting in Central Africa. 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5. The survey protocols were all developed in three phases: preliminary diagnosis, pre-survey of two months, monitoring of a minimum duration of one year. Les premières forêts communautaires du et d'Apomarsupella revoluta (Nees) R. M. Schust. Future research will examine the reasons for community forestry failures in general. De plus, il a été mis en évidence dans les deux zones que les activités collectives étaient peu appropriées alors que les activités individuelles, pour lesquelles la répartition du travail et des bénéfices était sans ambiguïtés, ont été plus largement appropriées. 3 . alors que ces deux hepatiques a feuilles font l'objet de citations anciennes. The application without precaution could provoke negative effects for resources as well as for population.Decentralization movement engaged in a great number of African countries allow the transfer of important competences from the State towards the local communities, and in particular, concerning Senegal, as regards to natural resources management and land tenure. Il est montré que les fondements sur lesquels elle repose supposent une discussion plus approfondie sur ces conditions d’application. In particular, no integrated ecosystem services (ES) assessment has been conducted in Central Africa, where rural communities deeply depend on forests in a high-poverty context. Among global terrestrial ecosystems, tropical forests are particularly important for the conservation of biodiversity and for the provision of ES. First, we assessed the conservation value of the three forest allocations, examining species richness and composition of two taxonomic groups: mammals inventoried with 44 camera traps, and dung beetles inventoried with 72 pitfall traps (Chapter 2). Firewood and timber are used sustainably in this area, whereas bushmeat hunting and consumption has exceeded sustainability thresholds. By this critical overview on an experimental framework are given to see different forms of objectivation of the actors and researchers practices being confronted more and more with research-action situations. Sign up. Paris, France, L'Harmattan, 192 p.Rendre opérationnelles les entités de gestion : une démarche consensuelle (éds) Les premières forêts communautaires du Gabon. This video is unavailable. In contrast, community forests are particularly defaunated due to their proximity to roads and villages, but they still provide wild proteins to local populations. Around these questions, this article contributes to evaluate the operational potential of these methods and wants at the same time to take into account the way in which those methods limit our capacity to take into account the reality of the social issues into participative governance approaches. pragmatiques d’une part et, d’autre part, sur des études scientifiques. The land tenures are strong and go up to the official recognition of private property. But the majority of artisanal lumber operators have neither legal permits nor specifications, farmers buy the standing trees directly and informally from customary owners. Kinshasa (capital of Democratic Republic of Congo, DRC) is a 10 millions inhabitants city with rapid growth and increasing impacts on surrounding villages linked with forest natural resources. Studies may focus on regeneration, mortality rates, timber transformation rates, using the Geographic Information System (GIS) to estimate the annual loss of forest cover due to sawmilling. Mammal and dung beetle species showed lower species richness in the community forests than in the protected area, and intermediate values in the logging concession. It seems to have a growing number of adherents. We also aimed to identify the determinants of forest conservation value, disentangling the effects of forest allocations, proximity to human settlements (villages and roads), and local forest habitat. To study approaches to formalizing sawmill production at the grassroots level, reading the regulations governing forestry in the DRC reveals three logging options that would formalize and regulate the informal exploitation of artisanal sawnwood: formalization Of the individual exploitation through the Artisanal Cutting Permits (PCA), the Forestry Concessions of the Local Communities (CFCL) and the Artisanal Forestry Units (UFA). The challenge is to formalize the small-scale sawmill sector while maintaining at least the same quantity of products and avoiding a strong increase in the selling prices of the products. Third, we depicted the use of ES by local populations in three villages, and we evaluated its determinants and sustainability (Chapter 4). Second, we assessed the perceptions of the supply of ES by tropical forests to local populations, and the determinants of these perceptions (Chapter 3). efficient solution for assessments of deforestation and degradation in areas used by local communities. El presente trabajo se enfoca en la Implementación de un Sistema de Administración de Flota en una Empresa de Consumo Masivo, utilizando un sistema de Localización Automática de Vehículos (AVL). Thus, individual artisanal exploitation promotes social forestry rooted in local customs, with a favorable impact on living standards and uncertain impact on the state of resources. Elle permet d'amener des groupes endogènes à intégrer leur vision de l'espace dans les prises de décision, à faciliter les débats autour de la question de l'aménagement de leur terroir et à contribuer à la reconstitution d'espaces forestiers dégradés.La compréhension des rapports qu'une société humaine entretient avec son environnement permet d'anticiper les blocages aux actions de développement rural envisagées, grâce à la perception des mécanismes locaux qui régissent l'accès à la terre et aux ressources. In both areas, local management of forest resources by the traditional authorities VERMEULEN C., 2008. In Central Africa in particular, biodiversity and ES have been far less studied than in other tropical regions, despite the vital roles of these tropical forests in the livelihoods of tens of millions of people. It asso,Ce papier présente une antenne ULB circulaire miniature destinée à des applications de réseaux de capteurs sans fils enterrés et étudie l'effet du sol sur les performances de l'antenne enterrée. All Goals & Highlights HD - PSG 2-0 Montpellier - 22.04.2017 We used diverse interviews and field surveys to assess three provisioning services (bushmeat, firewood, and timber) and five cultural services (cultural heritage, inspiration, spiritual experience, recreation, and education). Sa facilité d'utilisation, tant par les communautés rurales que par les agents du projet, a permis à la fois d'augmenter la qualité et l'intensité de la communication et de stimuler la réflexion. Les tests ont montre que le systeme utilise est capable de detecter des objets precis. (heads of village or lineage) has failed. stakeholders and their relations with land areas and wood resources. L'antenne est omnidirectionnelle et présente une bande passante de 9.3GHz (S11<-10dB de 3.7GHz à 13GHz) en espace libre. Downstream, at the level of the market, formalization may lead to a reduction or increase in the rate of profit for the sellers with the maintenance of the quantity of the products or even the reduction of quantities produced. Doucet J.-L. (éds). Among global terrestrial ecosystems, tropical forests are particularly important hosts of biodiversity and providers of ES. Le PSG s'impose 3-0 à Montpellier dans ce match de la 8eme journée de ligue 1.Performance de haut niveau pour le Paris Saint Germain qui s'impose à l'exterieur contre une bonne équipe de Montpellier grâce notamment à un doublé de Javier Pastore.Les buts sont inscrits par Kevin Gameiro (39e) et Pastore (43e et 80e) pour le PSG. Au-delà d'un simple outil, il s'agit donc du partage réel des connaissances, élément clé d'accords de gestion cohérents, réalistes et équitables, qui est questionné.All content in this area was uploaded by Cédric Vermeulen on Aug 21, 2014,La maquette interactive, une représentation miniature du,Les cinq étapes pour l’élaboration des plans simples,figure 1). Ce principe devrait être interprété Simulating trajectories of regional development by incorporating adaptation strategies developed by the stakeholders. The analysis wants to question these tools which try to reproduce a certain form of reality. Firewood and timber have been shown to be used sustainably by local populations in this area, whereas bushmeat hunting and consumption have exceeded sustainability thresholds. In order to know which of the three options is most promising in terms of social forestry, a comparative analysis with regard to the criteria of social forestry was made. In order to carry out the analyzes of the small-scale logging industry, an approach has been adopted which is divided into three phases: (1) Between 2010 and 2012, rural surveys with 321 informal sawyers in order to know their activities and Quantifying their costs and margins, anonymous semi-directed interviews were carried out with 91 people in 23 village sites (tree slaughtering sites) in Orientale Province, (2) a follow-up of the flows of wood entering the city of Kisangani: Between March 2011 and April 2012, 12 crossing points were followed, (3) between March 2011 and April 2012, a weekly follow-up of a sample of 65 depots in the city of Kisangani was carried out. http://www.itto.int (29 octobre 2011).La gestion participative des ressources naturelles : organisation, négociation et apprentissage par l'action.BORRINI G., FARVAR M., NGUINGUIRI J.-C., NDANGANG V., Yokohama, Japon, International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO).ITTO, 2011. In terms of data analysis, four techniques have been used: (1) Estimates of flows entering the city of Kisangani; (2) Estimates of annual sales; (3) Mixed Data Analysis (AFDM), (4) Hierarchical Classification on Principle Components (HCPC)). L'article discute la pertinence d'une approche d'aménagement fondée sur le paysage perçu et vécu par les populations. Bien que des ouvrages aient In this context, the concepts of biodiversity and ecosystem servi,The CoForTips project: Congo Basin Forests: Tipping Points for Biodiversity Conservation and Resilience of Forested Socio-Ecological Systems. organisation, négociation et apprentissage par l'action. À une demande croissante en bois énergie correspondent des auréoles de déforestation de plus en plus larges. Indeed, four categories of actors share the income generated by the sawmill industry. Browse more videos . Plateaux) are considered as major fuel-wood and charcoal supply zones for the city. 2000. – une revue bibliographique détaillée est fournie sur le sujet épineux de l’identification de chaque HVC, l’opinion des auteurs y est mise en exergue; The potential reconciliation between conservation and the sustainable use of tropical forests is discussed. Building biodiversity dynamics scenarios, based on different time and space scales, and integrating social, economic, governance, environmental and geophysical aspects, Attention will be focused more on understanding the failures of community forestry elsewhere in Central Africa to avoid replicating the same mistakes in the DRC where the implementation of this process is not a good one. Grounds of this approach need a more serious discussion. Watch Queue Queue The variations in seasonal crop areas ranged from 3.2 to 11.8 ha. The segments were then classified manually by photo-interpretation. En République démocratique du Congo, le bois représente plus de 90 % de la ressource en énergie domestique et cette ressource est de plus en plus surexploitée. Au moins cinq années se sont écoulées entre la publication des codes forestiers entérinant cette forme novatrice de gestion forestière et sa matérialisation. The concepts of biodiversity and ecosystem services (ES) have risen to objectify and measure the human impacts on ecosystems and the many-fold contributions of ecosystems to human well-being. Significant changes had occurred between the two periods: 6.5 ha of natural forest and savannah had been lost (declining from 86.6 to 80.1 ha), fallow areas had increased from 16.9 to 8.2 ha and cleared land from 4.1 to 10.0 ha. La zone d'étude a été délimitée à l'issue d'une cartographie participative menée avec les villageois selon la méthode proposée par,... Les données ont été acquises entre le 20 août et le 9 septembre 2014 dans les trois villages. Cet ouvrage devrait constituer une base intéressante pour une interprétation solide des HVC au Cameroun. Dans ce contexte, l’UAV Falcon a ete teste durant 15 missions pour evaluer sa capacite a detecter les activites humaines dans le Parc National de la Garamba et dans les domaines de chasse contigus (Gangala na Bodio, Mondo Missa) au nord-ouest de la Republique Democratique du Congo. il procède alors d’un rapport analogique assimilant sociétés par actions à une miniature politique. Search. La surexploitation de ces espaces nécessite entre autres de repenser l'aménagement des terroirs villageois. Afin d’améliorer la gestion des espaces périurbains et d’assurer l’alimentation durable en bois-énergie de Kinshasa, le projet UE Makala a co-construit avec douze communautés du plateau Batéké et du Kongo central des Plans simples de gestion des terroirs et du bois-énergie via une méthode participative. Library. These results show that the expansion of itinerant slash-and-burn cultivation results in the conversion of natural habitats and modifies plant communities. Consequently, final purchasers will have to bear the selling prices which would be increased according to all the expenses incurred: granting of permits, specification and payment of taxes, unless the sawyers reduce their profit. La présente étude s'inscrit dans le cadre de la sécurisation de l'approvisionnement en bois énergie de la ville de Kinshasa par la gestion durable des forêts périurbaines dégradées dans les terroirs villageois, lieux principaux de production. Moreover, these economic incentives are ineffective. This has strong negative impact on the potential of regeneration process with local forest species. All rights reserved.University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech.Le système de certifcation FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) vise à promouvoir la gestion durable des forêts. aux échelons nationaux afn de prendre en compte les spécifités de chaque pays. A proportion of 25% to 86% of respondents recognize the importance of cultural services. All Goals & Highlights HD - PSG 2-0 Montpellier - 22.04.2017. They offer an Second, we assess the perceptions of the supply of ES by tropical forests to local populations, and the determinants of these perceptions (Chapter 3). Building on the benefits of the chainsaw milling sector, particularly its scale, prohibition and/or enforcement of restrictive means to stifle are not recommendable approaches. Only the customary chiefs and their parents share the products mentioned in the specifications with the artisanal farmers. La información de los eventos de las unidades durante el recorrido de sus rutas como paradas, desvíos, activación de botón de pánico, conexión y desconexión de unidades, exceso de velocidad, entrada y salida a zonas predeterminadas son enviadas por medio del uso de la plataforma celular a un software que permita interpretar esos datos en un sistema de cartografía digitalizada de tipo vectorial y georeferencial, el Software almacena y detalla información de distancias y tiempos, con lo cual se realizan reportes estadísticos de control y reportes gráficos, los mismos que permiten un adecuado control de la Flota de Transporte.un mythe juridique, c’est-à-dire une représentation à la fois littéraire, politique et historique dans un contexte juridique. Moreover, this exploitation of forest resources also benefits the State and the urban population and even foreigners. Many human pressures, such as agricultural conversion, logging, hunting, commercial poaching and over-harvesting lead to deforestation, forest degradation and defaunation. Centrale, le principe 9 traitant des Hautes Valeurs de Conservation (HVC). Éduquer à l'environnement par la pédagogie de projet : un chemin d'émancipation. Considering the theory of social forestry, the formalization of the sector is the way of excellence to improve the well-being of the rural population. The most significant ES perceptions are provisioning services (93% of respondents) and cultural services (68%), while regulating services are much less reported (16%). La disparition ou la diminution de c,... Les données peuvent provenir des enquêtes socio-économiques réalisées lors de l'élaboration du plan d'aménagement de la concession. The conclusions of the thesis (Chapter 5) summarize the major findings, and give practical implications for tropical forest management and future research.ciates the University of Liège, IIASA, IRD and partners of the FORENET Central Africa Network (IRAD Cameroon, Douala University, University of Bangui, IRET Gabon, INDEFOR, University Marien Ngouabi) as well as the autonomous University of Barcelona, ETH-Zurich, the National School of Mines of Paris, the University of Montpellier 2, University of Rennes, and the University of Toulouse 3. Ils se traduisent dans une typologie locale de l'espace employée au quotidien. L’application sans précaution pourrait provoquer des effets dévastateurs aussi bien pour les ressources que pour les populations.Community-based management of natural resources is now a main figure of natural resources management. Therefore, the objective of this thesis is to assess the conservation value of tropical forests in southeastern Cameroon, as well as the supply of ES and use by local populations, in three contrasted forest allocations: a protected area, a Forest Stewardship Council-certified logging concession, and three community forests. 57, avenue des Sénég alais. Récits d'une expérience pilote. Third, we depict the use of ES by local populations in three villages, as well as evaluating its determinants and sustainability (Chapter 4). Les acteurs concoivent leurs propres systemes d’information et le processus se differencie des demarches participatives habituelles par la volonte de s’approprier une information technique complexe au lieu d’accepter une expertise technique externe, et par le choix de processus de concertation et d’apprentissage au lieu de diagnostics et de plans de developpement prealables. The comprehension of the relations that human society have with their environment helps to anticipate the obstacles to rural development measures planned thanks to the comprehension of local mechanisms governing access to land and resources. The main determinants of ES use are spatial variables (forest allocations, population size, and deforestation rate) and we also show slight differences between Baka and Bantu people in the use of cultural services. L’objet de cet article est précisément d’en proposer une lecture critique. autour des dirigeants, il s’associe à d’autres représentations pour en encadrer les pouvoirs.Cirad - La recherche agronomique pour le développement,Hautes Valeurs de Conservation (HVC) dans les Unités Forestières d’Aménagement du Cameroun : concepts, choix et pratiques,Biodiversity and ecosystem services in tropical forests: the role of forest allocations in the Dja area, Cameroon,Quantifying the Use of Forest Ecosystem Services by Local Populations in Southeastern Cameroon,Les Plans Simples de Gestion destinés à la production de bois-énergie en périphérie de Kinshasa : la participation et la restauration à l’épreuve du foncier,The individual artisanal exploitation of timber in the ex-Province Orientale (DRC) between 2010 and 2012, a neglected form of social forestry,Cartographie de la dynamique de terroirs villageois à l’aide d’un drone dans les aires protégées de la République démocratique du Congo.What Are the Impacts of Deforestation on the Harvest of Non-Timber Forest Products in Central Africa?Potentiel des véhicules aériens sans pilote dans la détection des activités humaines illégales dans les aires protégées en RD Congo,Le paysage comme outil d'aménagement des terroirs villageois,Comment les villageois nomment-ils et s'approprient-ils leurs espaces ressources ? The results show that the maximum distance from harvest site to road is higher in Site 2 compared to Site 1 as a consequence of a lower availability of NTFPs; and that this distance is significantly lower in Site 3 due to a drastically smaller village territory. Whatever the regulations, as long as there is a solvent demand for the products, it will find an offer even if it is illegal. The analysis makes it possible to better evaluate the effectiveness and the potential of the tools used in their accompaniment of the populations in the contexts of land tenure and local territorial governance.Des experimentations ont ete menees dans la vallee du fleuve Senegal entre 1996 et 2000, afin de concevoir et de tester des methodes susceptibles d’assurer une reussite durable des processus de decentralisation et de developpement local. All Goals & Highlights HD - PSG 2-0 Montpellier - 22.04.2017. Mais ces activités sont également les premières causes de déforestation, comme c’est le cas dans un rayon de 200 km autour de Kinshasa et autour des principales métropoles du pays. Cette étude présente une démarche d'élaboration de plan simple de gestion de terroirs villageois. Les critères de performance étudiés confirment la nécessité d'une conception prenant en compte la réalisation de la couche protectrice de l'antenne et son électronique (capteur).donde están los clientes, evitar robos a las unidades, desarrollar las bases de la Estrategia Comercial futura y mejorar la calidad del servicio. (Dubiez et al., 2012;Dubiez et al., 2013;... La seconde date correspond à la période de maturité pour la plupart des cultures saisonnières.